公考热!为何越来越多的年轻人考公务员?|经济学人精读
一说到公务员,大家第一反应就是"铁饭碗"。近年来,考公务员的人也是越来越多。这不仅仅是在中国,其它国家同样如此。针对这一话题,带着大家一起来读一读经济学人上的一段介绍。
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一说到公务员,大家第一反应就是"铁饭碗"。近年来,考公务员的人也是越来越多。这不仅仅是在中国,其它国家同样如此。针对这一话题,带着大家一起来读一读经济学人上的一段介绍。
经济学人原文:Graduates’ sharpening focus on job security also boosts the appeal of the public sector, notes Dan Hawes, co-founder of Graduate Recruitment Bureau, a British firm. In Britain, applications for government jobs rose by nearly a third at the start of the pandemic. In March there were an estimated 67,000 more public-sector employees in the country than a year earlier. Around 1.4m Chinese vied for just over 31,000 government positions by sitting the notoriously tough national civil-service exam in November 2021, up by more than 40% compared with the previous year. If graduates keep gravitating towards safe government jobs, that will leave a smaller talent pool for private employers to fish in.
参考译文:英企毕业生招聘局(Graduate Recruitment Bureau)联合创始人丹•霍斯(Dan Hawes)指出,毕业生越来越重视工作稳定性也提升了公共部门的吸引力。在英国,疫情初期申请政府职位的人数增加了近三分之一。据估计,今年3月英国公共部门雇员人数比去年增加了6.7万。去年11月,为角逐3.1万余个政府职位,约有140万中国人参加了以难著称的国家公务员考试,人数比上一年增加了40%多。如果毕业生一直被稳定的政府岗位所吸引,那么私人雇主可以选择的人才就会减少。
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第一句:Graduates’ sharpening focus on job security also boosts the appeal of the public sector, notes Dan Hawes, co-founder of Graduate Recruitment Bureau, a British firm.
英企毕业生招聘局(Graduate Recruitment Bureau)联合创始人丹•霍斯(Dan Hawes)指出,毕业生越来越重视工作稳定性也提升了公共部门的吸引力。
1. 句子结构分析:这句是说话内容+说话人的结构;其中co-founder of Graduate Recruitment Bureau是Dan Hawes的同位语;a British firm又是Graduate Recruitment Bureau的同位语。
2. sharpening:是动词的ing形式,表示日益明显的,日益尖锐的,日益加强/加重的。比如金融时报上这句:
But economic policymakers are concerned about its sharpening social divide.
但经济政策制定者对于该国日益尖锐的社会两极分化感到担忧。
还比如纽约时报中这个:The dispute is only sharpening. 争端只会越演越烈。
a sharpening focus on意思就是对……的日益关注,更加注重/重视……sharpening也可以替换为sharpened,即a sharpened focus on。举例说明:
Delegations commended UNICEF for its sharpened focus on strategic partnerships at the global, national and local levels.
各代表团赞扬联合国儿童基会在全球、国家和地方各级更加注重战略伙伴关系。
在今天这句中Graduates’ sharpening focus on job security就表示更加注重/越发重视工作稳定性。
同义表达是one’s increasing/growing focus on sth,如金融时报上这句:
That may change with the growing focus on entrepreneurship in business schools.
这一点可能会随着商学院日益关注创业而发生变化。
同理,动词短语sharpen one’s focus on sth可以表示更加/日益关注……,如金融时报上这句:
For others it has prompted a move up the wealth ladder, as banks sharpen their focus on so-called "ultra high net worth" individuals their very richest, and most lucrative, clients.
对另一些银行来说,随着对所谓"超高净值"人士(最富有、最有利可图的客户)关注度的提高,这促使它们向更高端的财富管理市场转移。
我们知道focus还可以表示一个人的注意力,所以sharpen one’s focus on sth还可以表示集中注意力/精力,如这句:
Take short breaks to refresh yourself and sharpen your focus.
稍微休息一下,让自己重新充满活力,集中精力。
3. 固定表达:job security是固定表达,意思是工作稳定;工作稳定性。比如词典上这句:Job security has become the touchstone of a good job for many employees. 工作稳定性已成为很多员工衡量一份工作好坏的标准。
再比如经济学人上这句:
European state workers are often badly paid, having consciously accepted low salaries and tedium in exchange for job security.
欧洲的国家工人通常工资低,但为换取稳定工作,他们已自觉地接受了低收入和单调乏味的工作内容。
Security表示保障、安全,常见的还有food security粮食安全,推荐阅读"食品安全"?
4. 固定搭配:boost the appeal of可以当作固定搭配来记,意思是"提高……的吸引力"。举个经济学人上的例子:
As the two companies get closer, Porsches technology could boost the appeal of VWs more expensive models.
随着两家公司日益紧密,保时捷的技术能大大提升大众高档车的吸引力。
boost the appeal of的同义表达是increase the appeal of,如金融时报中这句:
"In the short term, we want to increase the appeal of Sony devices, " he said. "Eventually, the business will have to stand on its own. "
他表示,"短期而言,我们希望增加索尼设备的吸引力。最终,这块业务将必须能够独立生存。"
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第二句:In Britain, applications for government jobs rose by nearly a third at the start of the pandemic.
在英国,疫情初期申请政府职位的人数增加了近三分之一。
1. 长难句分析:applications rose by nearly a third是主干。
2. 固定表达:applications for是固定表达,可以表示申请……如金融时报中这句:
If Byte Dance’s application for the license is accepted, guidelines state that it would have to be approved or denied within 30 business days.
如果字节跳动的许可申请被受理,则按照规定必须在30个工作日内批准或拒绝该申请。
比如失业了"申请失业津贴"英文就可以说applications for unemployment benefits。
今天这句就是申请这个意思。
applications for也可以表示应用……比如华尔街日报这句:
The company is teaming up with partners to test different applications for its technology.
该公司联合其他合作伙伴对其技术进行不同应用。
还比如,金融时报这句"商业应用"是这么说的:
Sony Computer Entertainment is in discussions with a number of companies about possible commercial applications for the PlayStation 3.
索尼电脑娱乐公司正在与许多公司洽谈,讨论PS3可能进行的商业应用。
3. at the start of:在……开始的时候;在……初期。2016年12月四级真题中就有这个短语,原句是:
At the start of junior high, the math achievement test scores of the students with a growth mind-set were comparable to those of students who displayed a fixed mind-set.
在刚上初中时,具有成长思维模式的学生的数学测试分数与显示出固定思维模式学生的分数相当。
类似的短语有at the beginning of。来看2017年6月六级真题中这句:
He was portrayed by his friend Anton Raphael Mengs at the beginning of his long residence in Rome.
他在罗马长期居留的初期,他的朋友安东•拉斐尔•门斯给他绘制了一幅肖像画。
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第三句:In March there were an estimated 67,000 more public-sector employees in the country than a year earlier.
据估计,今年3月英国公共部门雇员人数比去年增加了6.7万。
1. 固定句型:an estimated+数字可以当作一个固定句型来记,表示"据估计,有多少……"。如华尔街日报中这句:
The company spends an estimated $700 million a year on advertising, according to WPP.
据WPP,中国移动每年用于营销的费用估计在7亿美元。
一起来看经济学人上介绍小红书的这两句话:
Seven-year-old Xiaohongshu, or Little Red Book, is already one of China’s most popular apps for cross-border commerce, with an estimated 85 m users, according to Tenba Group, a consultancy. Its customers, most of whom are young women, exchange shopping experiences via text, images and video.
咨询公司天马的数据显示,推出七年的小红书已经是中国最受欢迎的跨境电商应用之一,估计有8500万用户。其顾客以年轻女性为主,她们通过文字、图片和视频交流购物经验。
这部分对小红书的介绍我们可以积累起来,用在电商、社交媒体、年轻人喜爱的app等话题中。
2. than a year earlier:这个在外刊中很常见,意思是"较去年"。如金融时报例句:
It could be time for a repeat; crude was 47 per cent more expensive on Thursday than a year earlier and 80 per cent above the 2009 average.
现在可能到了历史重演的时候了;本周四,原油价格较一年前上涨了47%,比2009年的均价高出80%。
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第四句:Around 1.4 m Chinese vied for just over 31,000 government positions by sitting the notoriously tough national civil-service exam in November 2021, up by more than 40% compared with the previous year.
去年11月,为角逐3.1万余个政府职位,约有140万中国人参加了以难著称的国家公务员考试,人数比上一年增加了40%多。
1. 句子结构分析:这句主干是Around 1.4m Chinese vied for just over 31,000 government positions;by sitting the notoriously tough national civil-service exam in November 2021是by引导的方式状语;
up by more than 40% compared with the previous year是Around 1.4m Chinese的补充说明成分,而不是just over 31,000 government positions的。我们看看新闻:
搜狐网:2020年国家公务员考试报名于10月24日结束,有将近140万人报名,目前120多万人审核通过。本次国考设有13849个职位,共招2.4万多人,招录人数相比于2019年的1.45万,有大幅度增加。
2021年国家公务员考试笔试今日拉开帷幕。本次国考共13172个职位招录25726人,约140.3万人过审。
可见,职位数没有多大变化,而2020年过审人员是120万多人,而2021年约140.3万人过审,所以增加了不少。但是也没有达到经济学人说的40%这么多,而且"为角逐3.1万余个政府职位"中数字和网上报道的也不一样。
这种补充说明的句子很常见,up by中by也可以不加,如金融时报中这句:
Better models have won car-buyers back: in August GM had a 20. 4% market share in America, up almost two percentage points in a year.
其改良的车型也赢回了购车者:8月,通用在美国的市场份额为20.4%,几乎在一年内增长了2%。
2. 固定搭配:vie for表示激烈竞争;争夺。举个经济学人上的例子:
Oracle, Cisco and IBM will vie for corporate customers; Apple and Google will scramble for individuals.
甲骨文、思科和IBM将争夺企业客户,苹果和谷歌将争夺个人客户。
其中scramble for和vie for是同义表达,也是争夺的意思。比如生活中常说的"抢票"就可以说scramble for tickets。
3. 一词多义:position的意思有很多,在这里它是职位;职务的意思。比如华尔街日报上这句:
Google is still trying to fill roughly 40 open positions in China that it listed on its Web site before its January announcement.
谷歌仍在试图填补其网站上公示的约40个职位空缺,这些职位都是该公司一月份作上述宣布前公示在网站上的。
4. 熟词偏意:sit我们常见的意思是"坐",今天这句考查的是它的一个熟词偏意,这里sit表示"参加考试"。比如经济学人上这句"参加驾照考试"用的就是sit:
That might be because Mexican hauliers, along with taxi-drivers and other professionals, have to sit a driving test.
这可能是因为墨西哥运输公司和出租车司机以及其他职业一样,必须参加驾驶考试。
外刊精读:高考校门口是怎样一道风景?| 考研英语这篇里就讲到了sit的这一用法:考试"可以说take/sit the exam,"考生"可以说exam takers,exam sitters。
5. 一词多义:notoriously美[noʊˈtɔrɪəslɪ],adv. 臭名昭著地,声名狼藉地;著名地;众所周知地;极其;非常。今天这里是"极其;非常"的意思。举个金融时报上的例子:
The lack of transparency makes comparisons among banks notoriously difficult.
由于缺乏透明度,在银行之间进行比较极为困难。
外媒是如何报道《哪吒》的?"痞帅、鳄鱼牙、熊猫眼"英语怎么说?中也讲到了notoriously的这一用法,一起来回忆一下,原句是:
The films social scores are among the best ever for a Chinese film. Its user rating on Maoyan sits at 9.7/10 and its score from Doubans notoriously picky but influential users is 8.7/10.
《哪吒》电影评分在中国电影史上位居前列。猫眼评分高达9.7/10,而在豆瓣这个颇具影响力的平台上,即使用户尤为挑剔,评分也达到了8.7/10。
经济学人精读 | 高考顶替案,可能"只是冰山一角"?这篇在介绍高考时,也有引用这样一句:
Students across China are studying hard for the gaokao, the country’s notoriously tough national standardised test ...
还比如外刊中这两句:
After following the notoriously tough Cambridge Weight Plan, Louise soon started to see a difference and found motivation in the results.
路易斯采用了以严苛著称的剑桥减肥食谱进行减肥,她开始发现自己的变化,由此更有了减肥的动力。
The Harvard Business Schools admissions process is notoriously tough, accepting only 11% of all 2016 applicants.
哈佛商学院的招生十分严格,2016名申请者中只有11%被接受。
因此今天这句话的notoriously tough也就是出了名的难;以难著称的意思。
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第五句:If graduates keep gravitating towards safe government jobs, that will leave a smaller talent pool for private employers to fish in.
如果毕业生一直被稳定的政府岗位所吸引,那么私人雇主可以选择的人才就会减少。
1. 长难句分析:keep doing是持续/一直干某事。That指if整句话,也可以用it替换。leave a smaller talent pool for private employers to fish in是leave sth for sb to do的用法,do的逻辑宾语是sth,所以是fish in a smaller talent pool,其中fish引申为搜寻/寻找,in是在……中,整个的字面意思是在更少的人才库中搜寻。
2. gravitate美[ˈɡrævɪteɪt]:gravitate to/towards表示被吸引到……来看华尔街日报上这句:
Nowadays, some short sleepers gravitate to fields like blogging, videogame design and social media, where their sleep habits come in handy.
现在,有些短睡眠者被博客、视频游戏设计和社交媒体等领域的工作所吸引,他们的睡眠习惯很适合这些工作。
再比如世卫组织网站上这句:
Health systems will not automatically gravitate towards greater fairness and efficiency.
卫生系统不会自动变得更加公平和有效。
再比如,"许多年轻人被吸引到城里找工作"就可以说Many young people gravitate to the cities in search of work.
名词gravitation意思是引力;万有引力。万有引力定律的英文就是law of universal gravitation。还有常见的gravity重力。
形容词gravitational表示引力的;重力引起的。比如"引力场"就是a gravitational field。
3. safe government jobs:safe指稳定的,也可以用steady,当然secure也可以,所以第一句用了job security工作稳定性。
government posts,government positions可以替换government jobs。
"公务员考试"是civil-service exams,"公务员"是civil servants,"公务员职位"是civil-service jobs。
4. that指代的事情前面整个。
5. 固定搭配:a small pool of sb意思是少量……举个金融时报上的例子:
If firms respond to the crisis by retreating to the superficial comfort of recruiting from a small pool of graduates from a small number of universities, that closes the door to talent from disadvantaged backgrounds.
如果企业为应对危机,只是象征性地从少数几所大学的少量毕业生人才池进行招聘,那就等于向弱势群体背景的人才关闭了大门。
比如说就业难这个问题,提到要为不多的职位去竞争,英文可以说compete for a small pool of jobs.
今天这句的a smaller talent pool就是数量更少的人才,人才减少。其中talent pool的专业说法即人才池,人才库。
6. fish in sb/sth的本意是在……中钓鱼,引申为在……中搜寻/寻找。fish in the talent pool其实就是寻找人才,选择人才。
Fish in也可以说fish from,如经济学人中这句:
In offline dating, with a much smaller pool of men to fish from, straight women are more likely to couple up with men who would not get a look-in online.
在线下约会中,可选男性的数量要少得多,直女因而更有可能与那些在网上没机会被选中的男性牵手。
scour sp for sb/sth也可以表示"(彻底地)搜寻",如经济学人在形容"校招"的时候就用了这个:scour campuses for recruits。
7. 英语写作句型:这个话题的相关英语写作句型,大家可以借鉴。公考热!为什么这么多人去考公务员?| 外刊精读:
Government positions are not just secure. China’s state control of economic resources has allowed official agencies to offer above-average salaries plus lucrative benefits, ranging from housing allowances to subsidised pension plans.
政府职位不仅稳定;中国政府掌控经济资源,政府机构还能够提供高于平均工资的薪资,而且还有住房津贴、养老金计划等丰厚的福利。
At a time of massive job losses, government agencies are the best places to work given the iron rice bowl it provides. /Amid massive job losses, government bodies, known for their long-term employment, are the best places to work.
在大批人员失业之际,能够提供"铁饭碗"的政府机构无疑是找工作的最佳去处。
Government bodies, known for their long-term employment, have become even more appealing.
提供稳定工作的政府机构变得格外具有吸引力。
This increase is due in part to a surge in the number of university students entering an intensely competitive market for jobs. It is also thanks to health, pension and housing benefits.
这一增长的部分原因是大学生求职人数激增,就业市场竞争激烈。医疗、养老保险以及住房福利的吸引也是一大原因。
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