“户口”“积分落户”英文怎么说?|经济学人精读
今天给大家分享的是9.22这一期经济学人上有关户籍制度改革的一篇文章,原文标题是Reforms to China’s hukou system will not help migrants much。
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今天给大家分享的是9.22这一期经济学人上有关户籍制度改革的一篇文章,原文标题是Reforms to China’s hukou system will not help migrants much。
经济学人原文:In recent years, the issue of hukou reform has been front and centre. He speaks of the need to shiminhua (make into urbanites) rural migrants—in other words, allow these 300 million-400 million people to enjoy the same access as other city-dwellers to education, health care, pensions, housing and government jobs. Smaller towns and cities have long been doing so. In 2019 the government said bigger ones, with up to 3 million urban residents, should follow suit, and those with populations between 3 million and 5 million should ease their restrictions on obtaining local hukou. The biggest cities were allowed to continue using a points system to determine migrants’ eligibility for benefits. This is based on criteria such as skills, education and social-security payments.
参考译文:近年来,户籍改革问题一直是重中之重。他常常谈到农民工"市民化"的必要性,换句话说,就是让这三四亿农民工与其他城市居民享受同等的教育、医疗、养老金、住房等福利,享有获得政府职位的同等机会。长期以来一些规模较小的城镇一直在这么做。2019年,中央政府表示城市人口达300万的较大城市应当效仿这一做法,城市人口介于300万至500万之间的城市则应放宽落户限制。当时,允许特大城市继续使用积分政策来决定城市移民是否有资格享有福利。积分落户政策的基础指标包括技能、教育背景、缴纳社保年限。
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第一句:In recent years, the issue of hukou reform has been front and centre.
近年来,户籍改革问题一直是重中之重。
1. 中国特色词汇:我们说有很多中国特色词语现在在外刊中频繁出现,有很多也已经被收录在了牛津词典里,比如这一句的hukou,还比如gaokao、fengshui、hongbao、jiaozi等词。更多大家可以看看这篇《牛津词典》收录的中国特色词汇!
the issue of hukou reform可以说户籍改革问题,也可以说户籍制度改革问题。
2. front and centre:重中之重;中心;焦点;关键;突出位置,如金融时报这句:
He has been unapologetic about putting social issues front and centre, even in a time of economic strife.
他没有辩解为何要将社会问题置于重中之重,即便是在经济领域矛盾重重的情况下。
put ... front and center是一个常见的表达,意思是把……置于重中之重;把……摆在关键位置上。put也可以是place。被动则是... be put/placed front and center。
比如"将人权放在最突出位置上"就可以说put human rights front and center。
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第二句:He speaks of the need to shiminhua (make into urbanites) rural migrants—in other words, allow these 300 million-400 million people to enjoy the same access as other city-dwellers to education, health care, pensions, housing and government jobs.
他常常谈到农民工"市民化"的必要性,换句话说,就是让这三四亿农民工与其他城市居民享受同等的教育、医疗、养老金、住房等福利,享有获得政府职位的同等机会。
1. 句子结构分析:这句主干是He speaks of the need;allow these 300 million-400 million people to enjoy the same access as other city-dwellers to education, health care, pensions, housing and government jobs是对shiminhua (make into urbanites) rural migrants的解释说明;其中(make into urbanites)是对shiminhua的英文解释。
make into urbanites rural migrants=make rural migrants into urbanites;these 300 million -400 million people就指前面提到的rural migrants。
2. 固定搭配:speak of表示说到;谈起。后面可以是something,也可以是doing something,类似的比如经济学人这句:
Thus Mr. Trichet, looking only a month ahead, speaks of the need for "vigilance" but gives no guarantee that rates will rise.
所以特里谢只是判断下个月的情况,谈到市场要保持警惕,而并不作出任何加息的保证。
再来看2015年浙江高考真题中的这句:
People often speak of trying a more satisfying path, and yet the end the idea of leaving their jobs to work for something they believe in or finding a position that would give them more time with their families almost always leads them to the same conclusion: it s impossible.
人们常说要尝试一条更令人满意的道路,但当他们想辞职去做他们所信仰的事情,或者想找到一个能给他们更多时间和家人在一起的职位时,结果几乎总是相同的:这是不可能的。
speak of还可以表示说明。比如金融时报例句:
"Traffic in stores has been higher than we expected and more customers are buying, which speaks of the strength and loyalty of our local clientele," said the company.
该公司说:"门店的客流量高于我们的预期,有更多的顾客在购买,这说明了我们本地消费者的实力和忠诚度。"
3. 中国特色词汇:shiminhua (make into urbanites)指"市民化"。括号里的make into urbanites就是对shiminhua的英文解释。make into意思是使成为,使转变为;urbanites即城市居民。
shiminhua (make into urbanites)这种中文拼音+英文释义的用法之前也见过不少次。
跟前面出现的hukou不一样,有些词并没有在英语世界大面积流行或者牛津词典没有收录,对于不懂中文或不了解中国文化的人来说,单独说拼音对方可能根本不知道你说的是什么。所以下次碰到类似的中国特色词语,我们都可以采用英文释义+拼音或者拼音+英文释义来表达,如22年6月CATTI三笔真题中这个:
The module, named "Tianhe", or "Harmony of the Heavens", was launched on the Long March 5B, China’s largest carrier rocket, at 11:23 a.m. (03:23 GMT) from the Wenchang Space Launch Centre on the southern island of Hainan.
该核心舱命名为"天和",于北京时间上午11:23(格林威治标准时间03:23)在海南文昌航天发射场由中国最大的运载火箭长征5号B送入太空。
再比如打卡最美网红书店 | 经济学人精读这篇中的internet celebrities, known as wanghong。一起来回忆一下吧:
Bookshops have become a popular destination for Chinese internet celebrities, known as wanghong, and those who aspire to such heights.
书店已经成为中国一些网红以及那些想成为网红的人热衷去的地方。
4. 固定搭配:enjoy/have the same access as somebody to something意思是与谁一样获得……;和谁一样有……的机会/途径等。the same...as是一起的。as也可以放到后面,即enjoy/have the same access to something as somebody,比如世卫组织官网上有这么一句:
Therefore it is vital that web sites can be used by all, so that persons with disabilities have the same access to information as everyone else.
因此,至关重要的是,确保所有人都能够使用网站,这样残疾人也可同其他人一样获取所需信息。
还比如北美新托福考试写作真题中这句"拥有和城市居民同样的航空旅行的机会":
The air subsidy program attempts to make it possible for people living in rural areas to enjoy the same access to air travel as people in cities.
5. pensions:养老金。这个在CATTI考试中很常见。真题参考译文:18.11CATTI二笔汉译英汽车市场篇这篇提到的"养老产业":
随着医疗、养老产业不断发展,还将进一步提升中国人的消费能力。
And with the improvement of healthcare and pension systems, China will release more of its potential in consumption.
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第三句:Smaller towns and cities have long been doing so.
长期以来一些规模较小的城镇一直在这么做。
1. Smaller:指规模较小的,人口规模较小的,或直接说较小的。I型大城市指城区人口介于300万到500万之间的城市。北京是特大城市。
2. towns and cities:这个的翻译需要注意,不要说城镇和城市,重复了,因为城镇包括按国家行政建制设立的市和镇。
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第四句:In 2019 the government said bigger ones, with up to 3 million urban residents, should follow suit, and those with populations between 3 million and 5 million should ease their restrictions on obtaining local hukou.
2019年,中央政府表示城市人口达300万的较大城市应当效仿这一做法,城市人口介于300万至500万之间的城市则应放宽落户限制。
1. 句子结构分析:这句主干是the government said ...;其中bigger ones should follow suit是一起的。两个with都表示"有",up to指高达,多大。根据前面可知populations也具体指城市人口。
2. 固定表达:follow suit是固定表达,表示效仿;照做,举个经济学人的例子:
If it does, staff at Boeing admit they will have little choice but to follow suit.
如果空客真的这样做,波音的员工承认他们没有办法只有选择照做。
"效仿某人"可以说follow the example of somebody,如金融时报中这两句:
One option is to follow the example of Sony and create a global brand that is not country-specific.
选择之一是效仿索尼(Sony),打造一个没有国别色彩的全球化品牌。
He said developing Asian countries should follow the example of Singapore, South Korea and China to put together investment plans.
他表示,亚洲发展中国家应当学习新加坡、韩国和中国的做法,制定总体投资计划。
某人树立了榜样,其他人效仿学习可以说follow the example set by sb,我们知道set an example表示树立榜样,如汉英词典中这句:
Those in subordinate positions will follow the example set by their superiors.
上行下效。
somebody follow表示某人会效仿。
3. 固定搭配:ease restrictions on ...意思是放宽对……的限制,举个金融时报上的例子:
The US should also ease restrictions on visas and work permits for foreign students who will otherwise take their skills elsewhere.
美国还应放宽对外国学生的签证和工作许可限制,否则这些学生就会把自己的技能带到其它国家。
ease还可以替换为relax,loosen,分别举外刊上的例子说明:
New Delhi, for example, has also relaxed restrictions on rice exports.
例如,新德里还放松了对大米出口的限制。
He has leased state lands and loosened restrictions on farmers buying supplies and selling produce.
他出租国有土地,并放宽农民购买供应品、出售农产品的限制。
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第五句:The biggest cities were allowed to continue using a points system to determine migrants’ eligibility for benefits.
当时,允许特大城市继续使用积分政策来决定城市移民是否有资格享有福利。
1. 翻译思维:The biggest cities were allowed to没有翻译为"一线城市被允许",不通顺。此外,中文里"被"字常用来表示贬义,比如"被打"、"被处罚"。
2. a points system:指积分制,比如金融时报这句:
Last year Hong Kong introduced a "quality migrants scheme", using a points system to attract high-flying professionals.
去年,香港推出了"优秀人才入境计划"(Quality Migrant Admission Scheme),利用积分制来吸引志向远大的专业人士移居香港。
这篇文章中指的就是我们常说的积分落户政策。
3. eligibility美[ˌɛlɪdʒəˈbɪlɪti]:n. 资格;合格,比如词典上这句:
He was quizzed about his income, debts and eligibility for state benefits.
他被问及收入、债务以及是否有资格享受政府发放的救济金等问题。
eligibility for即有……的资格。也可以说eligibility to do something. 比如"有资格参加"可以说eligibility to take part。
它的形容词形式是eligible,一般是be eligible to do something或be eligible for something,比如柯林斯词典中这两句:
Almost half the population are eligible to vote in todays election.
大约有一半人有资格参加今天的选举投票。
Only those over 70 are eligible for the special payment.
只有70岁以上的人才有资格领取这项专款。
这个单词还可以表示(作为结婚对象)合适的,中意的,如:
Hes the most eligible bachelor in Japan.
他是日本最为抢手的单身汉。
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第六句:This is based on criteria such as skills, education and social-security payments.
积分落户政策的基础指标包括技能、教育背景、缴纳社保年限。
1. criteria:是复数。
2. 翻译思维:使用专业词汇。这句话的翻译要看看专业说法是什么,如下面这句:
基础指标包括年龄、教育背景、专业技术职称和技能等级、在本市工作及缴纳职工社会保险年限。
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